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authorMartin Braun <martin.braun@ettus.com>2014-03-23 15:11:26 +0100
committerMartin Braun <martin.braun@ettus.com>2014-04-09 17:25:09 +0200
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-========================================================================
-UHD - System Configuration for USRP X3x0 Series
-========================================================================
-
-.. contents:: Table of Contents
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Configuring your Host PC
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-The USRP X3x0 is capable of delivering very fast sample rates to the host PC,
-and even high-powered desktops can have trouble keeping up at the higher rates.
-You can improve the performance of your host by configuring a number of
-settings that affect the performance of your computer.
-
-These are:
-
- * Kernel Version
- * Network Configuration
- * Power Management Configuration
- * Real-Time & Priority Scheduling
- * Building with ORC & Volk
-
-These items are covered in more detail, below.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Kernel Version
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Performance issues may be encountered with Linux kernels earlier than 3.11.
-Ettus Research strongly recommends using kernel version 3.11 or higher for high
-sample rates.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Network Configuration
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-When using Ethernet interfaces to communicate with the device, it is necessary
-to configure a number of facets regarding your network connection.
-
-Configuring NetworkManager
--------------------------------------
-Fedora and Ubuntu both use NetworkManager to manage network connections.
-Unfortunately, NetworkManager often tries to take control of a connection and
-will disconnect the interface.
-
-You should open your NetworkManager configuration and tell it to ignore the
-network interface you are using. **This is not the same as simply setting
-a static IP address.** You *must* tell NetworkManager to ignore the interface.
-
-Changing the host's IP address
--------------------------------------
-
-On a Linux system, you can add a static IP address very easily by using the
-'ip' command:
-
-::
-
- sudo ip addr add 192.168.10.1/24 dev <interface>
-
-Note that **<interface>** is usually something like **eth0**. You can discover the
-names of the network interfaces in your computer by running:
-
-::
-
- ip addr show
-
-Configuring the Socket Buffers
--------------------------------------
-It is necessary to increase the maximum size of the socket buffers to avoid
-potential overflows and underruns at high sample rates. Add the following
-entries into /etc/sysctl.conf (root privileges required):
-
-::
-
- net.core.rmem_max=33554432
- net.core.wmem_max=33554432
-
-Either restart the system or issue the following commands:
-
-::
-
- sudo sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=33554432
- sudo sysctl -w net.core.wmem_max=33554432
-
-
-Configuring the MTU
--------------------------------------
-In order to achieve maximum performance, we recommend setting the MTU size to
-9000 for 10 GigE and 1500 for 1 GigE. It is possible to use smaller MTUs, but this
-can affect performance. With some NICs, setting the MTU too high can also cause issues.
-To set the MTU to 9000, you can use the following command:
-
-::
-
- sudo ifconfig <interface> mtu 9000 # For 10 GigE
- sudo ifconfig <interface> mtu 1500 # For 1 GigE
-
-Using these MTUs will set the frame sizes for UHD communication to 8000 and 1472,
-respectively.
-
-In some cases, specifying the frame size manually by adding the argument
-"<send/recv>_frame_size=1472" can solve issues. Note that a frame size of 1472 will limit
-the available sampling rate, although this is not a problem on 1 GigE.
-
-
-Configuring the Firewall
--------------------------------------
-Many Linux distributions come installed with a Firewall, by default. The
-Firewall will often interfere with your ability to communicate with your USRP.
-You should configure your firewall to "trust" the interface you are using.
-Setting this properly depends on your OS and firewall configuration method.
-
-When using UHD software, if an IP address for the USRP-X Series device is not specified,
-the software will use UDP broadcast packets to locate the USRP-X Series device.
-On some systems, the firewall will block UDP broadcast packets.
-It is therefore recommended that you change or disable your firewall settings.
-
-Interface Configuration File (Fedora)
--------------------------------------
-On Fedora systems, you can configure the network interface mostly from one
-place (with the exception of the socket buffers). Each interface on your system
-should have a file in:
-
-::
-
- /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-
-As an example, if your 1GigE interface is "em1", your "ifcfg-em1" configuration
-file should look something like this, when configured for use with a USRP X3xx:
-
-::
-
- TYPE="Ethernet"
- BOOTPROTO="none"
- IPADDR0="192.168.10.1"
- DEFROUTE="yes"
- IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
- IPV6INIT="no"
- IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL="no"
- NAME="em1"
- UUID="<specific to your device>"
- ONBOOT="no"
- HWADDR"<specific to your device>"
- PEERDNS="yes"
- PEERROUTES="yes"
- ZONE="trusted"
- MTU="9000"
- NM_MANAGED="no"
-
-The above file was generated and modified on a "Fedora 20" system.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Power Management
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Power management on the host system attempts to save power by reducing clock
-frequencies or even powering off devices while not in use. This can lead to
-significant performance issues when trying to operate at high sample rates.
-Ettus Research strongly recommends disabling all power management.
-
-
-Setting the CPU Governors
--------------------------------------
-In Linux, the CPU governors dictate the frequency at which the CPU operates and
-attempt to reduce the CPU frequencies at certain times to save power. When
-running at high sample rates, reduction of CPU frequencies can cause
-significant performance issues. To prevent those issues, set the governor to
-"performance".
-
-**Ubuntu:**
-1. Install cpufrequtils:
-
-::
-
- sudo apt-get install cpufrequtils
-
-2. Edit /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils and set GOVERNOR="performance" on the appropriate line (run as root):
-
-::
-
- sed s/^GOVERNOR=.*$/GOVERNOR=\"performance\"/g /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils > /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils
-
-3. Restart cpufrequtils:
-
-::
-
- sudo /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils restart
-
-**Fedora:**
-
-::
-
- sudo cpupower frequency-set -g performance
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Real-Time & Priority Scheduling
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Enabling real-time and priority scheduling can improve the total processing
-throughput of your application. Priority scheduling should be enabled for UHD,
-and real-time scheduling can be enabled by your application.
-
-Thread Priority Scheduling with UHD
--------------------------------------
-For information regarding how to enable priority scheduling for UHD on your
-system, please see the `General UHD Notes <./general.html#threading-notes>`_.
-
-Real-Time Scheduling in your Application
-----------------------------------------
-Please note that turning on real-time scheduling in your application **may lock
-up your computer** if the processor cannot keep up with the application. You
-should generally avoid using real-time scheduling unless you need to.
-
-Real-time scheduling is enabled via different methods depending on your
-application and operating system. In GNU Radio Companion, it can be turned on in
-each individual flowgraph.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Building with ORC & Volk
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Especially when running high-performance applications, processing performance
-can be dramatically improved by SIMD instructions. UHD uses ORC to provide SIMD
-capability, and GNU Radio includes a SIMD library called "Volk". These should
-both be used to guarantee optimum performance.
-
-Compiling UHD with ORC
--------------------------------------
-ORC, the `Oil Runtime Compiler <http://code.entropywave.com/orc/>`_, is
-a third-party compiler that UHD uses to create efficient SIMD code for your
-particular computer. ORC is generally easily installed from your OS's package
-manager.
-
-On Fedora:
-
-::
-
- $ sudo yum update; sudo yum install orc-compiler orc-devel
-
-On Ubuntu:
-
-::
-
- $ sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install liborc-<version> liborc-<version>-dev
-
-After installing ORC, when building UHD from source, you should see "ORC" as
-one of the configured UHD components.
-
-::
-
- -- ######################################################
- -- # UHD enabled components
- -- ######################################################
- -- * LibUHD
- <cut for brevity>
- -- * ORC
-
-Compiling GNURadio with Volk
--------------------------------------
-If you are using GNURadio to build applications, you should compile GNURadio
-with Volk. For instructions on how to do this, `refer to the GNURadio wiki
-<http://gnuradio.org/redmine/projects/gnuradio/wiki/Volk>`_.
-
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Host PC Hardware Selection
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Motherboard
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Testing has shown that some motherboards do not provide enough PCIe bus
-bandwidth to support higher sample rates. Motherboards with PCIe 3.0 are
-required and the PCIe architecture of the motherboard should be carefully
-considered. Slots with dedicated PCIe lanes should be used for PCIe or 10GbE
-cards that will be connected to the X3x0 device.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-10GbE NIC
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Intel or Myricom 10GbE NICs are recommended. Mellanox, SolarFlare, and Chelsio
-10GbE NICs are not currently recommended. The Ethernet card should be plugged
-into the slot that has the most direct connection with the CPU (PCIe lanes are
-not shared with another slot). Refer to the motherboard manual for more
-information on PCIe architecture.
-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-Troubleshooting Performance Issues
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-The output on the host console provides indicators of performance issues in the
-form of single upper-case letters. The following table lists the letters,
-their meanings, and possible causes:
-
-========= ====================== ====================================================================
-Indicator Meaning Possible Causes
-========= ====================== ====================================================================
-O Overflow on RX - Data is not being consumed by user's application fast enough.
- - CPU governor or other power management not configured correctly.
-D Dropped packet on RX - Network hardware failure. (Check host NIC, cable, switch, etc...)
- - PCIe bus on host cannot sustain throughput. (Check ethtool -S <interface>).
- - CPU governor or other power management not configured correctly.
- - Frame size might not work with the current NIC's MTU.
-U Underflow on TX - Samples are not being produced by user's application fast enough.
- - CPU governor or other power management not configured correctly.
-L Late packet - Samples are not being produced by user's application fast enough.
- (usually on MIMO TX) - CPU governor or other power management not configured correctly.
- - Incorrect/invalid time_spec provided.
-S Sequence error on TX - Network hardware failure. (Check host NIC, cable, switch, etc...)
- - Frame size might not work with the current NIC's MTU.
-========= ====================== ====================================================================
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Troubleshooting Ethernet Issues
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-1. First, check 'ifconfig <interface>' to see if there are any errors reported
- on the interface. If there are errors, it is most likely a network hardware
- problem.
-2. Next, check the output of 'ethtool -S <interface>'. The output is
- driver-specific, but may give important clues as to what may be happening.
- For example, a high value on rx_missed_errors for an Intel NIC indicates
- that the bus (i.e. PCIe) is not keeping up.
-3. Finally, Wireshark can be used to validate the traffic between the host and
- device and make sure there is no unwanted traffic on the interface.
-