path: root/README.md

# ODR-AudioEnc Package

This package contains a DAB and DAB+ encoder that integrates into the
ODR-mmbTools.

The DAB encoder is based on *toolame*. The DAB+ encoder uses a modified library
of the Fraunhofer FDK AAC code from Android, patched for 960-transform to do
DAB+ broadcast encoding. Both encoders are part of this repository.

The main tool is the *odr-audioenc* encoder, which can read audio from
a file (raw or wav), from an ALSA source, from JACK or using libVLC or
GStreamer, and encode to a file, a pipe, to an EDI or ZeroMQ output compatible
with ODR-DabMux.

The libVLC input allows the encoder to use all inputs supported by VLC, and
therefore also webstreams and other network sources.

The GStreamer input is an alternative to read from various sources.

The ALSA, libVLC and GStreamer inputs support sound card clock drift
compensation, that can compensate for imprecise sound card clocks.

The JACK input does not automatically connect to anything. The encoder runs
at the rate defined by the system clock, and therefore sound
card clock drift compensation is also used.

*odr-audioenc* can insert Programme-Associated Data, that can be generated with
ODR-PadEnc. ODR-AudioEnc v3 is compatible with ODR-PadEnc v3.

For detailed usage, see the usage screen of the tool with the *-h* option.

More information is available on the
[Opendigitalradio wiki](http://opendigitalradio.org)

# Installation
You have 3 ways to install odr-audioenc on your host:

## Using binary debian packages
If your host is running a debian-based OS on amd64, arm64 or arm/v7, then you can install odr-dabmux using the standard debian packaging system:
1. Update the debian apt repository list:
   ```
   # Replace bullseye (debian-11) with bookworm (debian-12) if applicable

   curl -fsSL http://debian.opendigitalradio.org/opendigitalradio-bullseye.sources > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opendigitalradio-bullseye.sources

   curl -fsSL http://debian.opendigitalradio.org/opendigitalradio.asc | gpg --dearmor > /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/opendigitalradio.gpg
   ```
1. Refresh the debian packages list:
   ```
   apt update
   ```
1. Install the debian package:
   ```
   sudo apt install --yes odr-audioenc
   ```

## Using the dab-scripts
You can compile odr-audioenc as well as the other main components of the mmbTools set with an installation script:
1. Clone the dab-scripts repository:
   ```
   git clone https://github.com/opendigitalradio/dab-scripts.git
   ```
1. Follow the [instructions](https://github.com/Opendigitalradio/dab-scripts/tree/master/install)

## Compiling manually
Unlike the 2 previous options, this one allows you to compile odr-audioenc with the features you really need.

### Requirements
For Debian Bullseye-based OS, run the following commands:
```
# Required packages
## C++11 compiler
sudo apt-get install --yes build-essential automake libtool

## ZeroMQ
sudo apt-get install --yes libzmq3-dev libzmq5

# optional packages
## alsa libraries
sudo apt-get install --yes libasound2-dev

## JACK audio connection kit
sudo apt-get install --yes libjack-jackd2-dev

## libvlc and vlc for the plugins
sudo apt-get install --yes libvlc-dev

## gstreamer-1.0
sudo apt-get install --yes libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev

## cURL to download the TAI-UTC bulletin, needed for timestamps in EDI output
sudo apt-get install --yes libcurl4-openssl-dev
```

**Attention**: on versions older than Debian Buster, you'll need `vlc-nox` instead of `vlc-plugin-base`

### Compilation
1. Clone this repository:
   ```
   # stable version:
   git clone https://github.com/Opendigitalradio/ODR-AudioEnc.git

   # or development version (at your own risk):
   git clone https://github.com/Opendigitalradio/ODR-AudioEnc.git -b next
   ```
1. Configure the project
   ```
   cd ODR-AudioEnc
   ./bootstrap

   # Select the features you need:
   ./configure --enable-alsa --enable-jack --enable-vlc --enable-gst
   ```
1. Compile and install:
   ```
   make
   sudo make install
   ```

# How to use

We assume that you have a ODR-DabMux configured for an EDI
input on port 9000.

    ALSASRC="default"
    DST="tcp://yourserver:9000"
    BITRATE=64

## General remarks

Avoid using sources that are already encoded with a low bitrate, because
encoder cascading will noticeably reduce audio quality. Best are sources
encoded with a lossless codec (FLAC). Otherwise, try to get MP3 at 320kbps, AAC
at 256kbps or higher bitrates.

Ideally use a source at the correct sampling rate (32kHz or 48kHz, according to
your encoder configuration). VLC can do resampling, but on some systems selects
the ugly resampler which creates artifacts. Try adding
`-L --audio-resampler=samplerate -L --src-converter-type=0`
to your command line, but enable verbose mode and read the VLC debug output to
check that it enables the libsamplerate resampler, and not the ugly resampler.

The codecs do not behave well when your source material has peaks that go close
to saturation, especially when you have to resample. When you see little
exclamation marks with the `-l` option, it's too loud! Reduce the gain at the
source, or use the gain option if that's not possible.


## DAB+ AAC encoder configuration
By default, when not overridden by the `--aaclc`, `--sbr` or `--ps` options,
the encoder is configured according to bitrate and number of channels.

If only one channel is used, SBR (Spectral-Band Replication, also called
HE-AAC) is enabled up to 64kbps. AAC-LC is used for higher bitrates.

If two channels are used, PS (Parametric Stereo, also called HE-AAC v2)
is enabled up to 48kbps. Between 56kbps and 80kbps, SBR is enabled. 88kbps
and higher are using AAC-LC.

## EDI output

The EDI output included in ODR-AudioEnc is able to connect to
one or several instances of ODR-DabMux. The `-e` option can be used
more than once to achieve this. The same goes for the ZeroMQ output (`-o` option).

## Scenario *wav file for offline processing*
Wave file encoding, for non-realtime processing

    odr-audioenc -b $BITRATE -i wave_file.wav -o station1.dabp

## Scenario *file that VLC supports*
If you want to input a file through libvlc, you need to give an absolute path:

    odr-audioenc -b $BITRATE -v file:///home/odr/audio/source.mp3 -o station1.dabp

## Scenario *ALSA*
Live Stream from ALSA sound card at 32kHz, with EDI output for ODR-DabMux:

    odr-audioenc -d $ALSASRC -c 2 -r 32000 -b $BITRATE -e $DST -l

To enable sound card drift compensation, add the option **-D**:

    odr-audioenc -d $ALSASRC -c 2 -r 32000 -b $BITRATE -e $DST -D -l

You might see **U** and **O** appearing on the terminal. They correspond
to audio **u**nderruns and **o**verruns that happen due to the different speeds at which
the audio is captured from the soundcard, and encoded into HE-AACv2.

High occurrence of these will lead to audible artifacts.

## Scenario *encode a webstream*
You can use either GStreamer with the `-G` option or libVLC with `-v`.

Read a webstream and send it to ODR-DabMux over EDI:

    odr-audioenc -G $URL -r 32000 -c 2 -e $DST -l -b $BITRATE

If you need to extract the ICY-Text information, e.g. for DLS, you can use the
`-w <filename>` option to write the ICY-Text into a file that can be read by
*ODR-PadEnc*. This does apparently not work for all ogg source streams when using
libVLC.

If the webstream bitrate is slightly wrong (bad clock at the source), you can
enable drift compensation with `-D`.

## Scenario *Custom GStreamer pipeline*

The `--gst-pipeline` option lets you run custom pipelines, using the same
syntax as `gst-launch`, which can be necessary for sources that you cannot specify through a URI through the `-G` option.
For example, you may use udpsrc to receive an RTP stream:

    odr-audioenc --gst-pipeline 'udpsrc port=5004 caps=application/x-rtp,media=(string)audio,payload=(int)10,clock-rate=44100 ! rtpL16depay ! audioconvert ! audioresample' \
    -e $DST -l -b $BITRATE

## Scenario *JACK input*
JACK input: Instead of `-i (file input)` or `-d (ALSA input)`, use `-j *name*`, where *name* specifies the JACK
name for the encoder:

    odr-audioenc -j myenc -l -b $BITRATE -e $DST

The JACK server must run at the samplerate of the encoder (32kHz or 48kHz). If that is not possible,
one workaround is to access JACK through VLC, which will resample accordingly:

    odr-audioenc -l -v jack://dab -b $BITRATE -e $DST

## Scenario *LiveWire* or *AES67*

When audio data is available on the network as a multicast stream, it can be encoded using the following pipeline:

    rtpdump -F payload 239.192.1.1/5004 | \
    sox -t raw -e signed-integer -r 48000 -c 2 -b 24 -B /dev/stdin -t raw --no-dither -r 48000 -c 2 -b 16 -L /dev/stdout gain 4 | \
    odr-audioenc -f raw -b $BITRATE -i /dev/stdin -e $DST

It is also possible to use the libvlc input, where you need to create an SDP file with the following contents:

    v=0
    o=Node 1 1 IN IP4 172.16.235.155
    s=TestSine
    t=0 0
    a=type:multicast
    c=IN IP4 239.192.0.1
    m=audio 5004 RTP/AVP 97
    a=rtpmap:97 L24/48000/2

Replace the IP address in the `o=` field by the one corresponding to your
source node IP address, and the IP in `c=` by the multicast IP of your stream.
Then use this SDP file as input for the VLC input.

This could maybe also work with GStreamer, but needs more testing. Help would be appreciated
in improving the GStreamer input code to also support more advanced features, some pointers are
in *TODO.md*


## Scenario *local file through snd-aloop*
Play some local audio source from a file, with EDI or ZMQ output for ODR-DabMux. The problem with
playing a file is that *odr-audioenc* cannot directly be used, because ODR-DabMux
does not back-pressure the encoder, which will therefore encode much faster than realtime.

While this issue is sorted out, the following trick is a very flexible solution: use the
alsa virtual loop soundcard *snd-aloop* in the following way:

    modprobe snd-aloop

This creates a new audio card (usually 'hw:1' but have a look at `/proc/asound/card` to be sure) that
can then be used for the alsa encoder.

    ./odr-audioenc -d hw:1 -c 2 -r 32000 -b 64 -e $DST -l

Then, you can use any media player that has an alsa output to play whatever source it supports:

    cd your/preferred/music
    mplayer -ao alsa:device=hw=1.1 -srate 32000 -format=s16le -shuffle *

**Important**: you must specify the correct sample rate and sample format on both
"sides" of the virtual sound card.


## Scenario *mplayer and fifo*
**Warning**: Connection through pipes to ODR-DabMux are deprecated in favour of EDI.

Live Stream resampling (to 32KHz) and encoding from FIFO and preparing for DAB muxer, with FIFO to odr-dabmux
using mplayer. If there are no data in FIFO, encoder generates silence.

    mplayer -quiet -loop 0 -af resample=32000:nowaveheader,format=s16le,channels=2 -ao pcm:file=/tmp/aac.fifo:fast <FILE/URL> &
    odr-audioenc -l -f raw --fifo-silence -i /tmp/aac.fifo -r 32000 -c 2 -b 72 -o /dev/stdout \
    mbuffer -q -m 10k -P 100 -s 1080 > station1.fifo

**Note**: Do not use `/dev/stdout` for PCM output in mplayer. Mplayer logs messages to stdout.

## Return values
odr-audioenc returns:

 * 0 if it encoded the whole input file
 * 1 if some options were not understood, or encoder initialisation failed
 * 2 if the silence timeout was reached
 * 3 if the AAC encoder failed
 * 4 it sending data over the network failed
 * 5 if the input had a fault

The `-R` option to get ODR-AudioEnc to restart the input
automatically has been deprecated. As this feature does not guarantee that
the odr-audioenc process will never die, running it under a process supervisor
is recommended regardless of this feature being enabled or not. It will be removed
in a future version.


## Known Limitations
Some receivers did not decode audio anymore between v0.3.0 and v0.5.0, because of
a change implemented to get PAD to work. The change was subsequently reverted in
v0.5.1 because it was deemed essential that audio decoding works on all receivers.
v0.7.0 fixes most issues, and PAD now works much more reliably.

Version 0.4.0 of the encoder changed the ZeroMQ framing. It will only work with
ODR-DabMux v0.7.0 and later.

# LICENCE

The ODR-AudioEnc project contains

 - The code for odr-audioenc in src/ licensed under the Apache Licence v2.0. See
   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 - libtoolame-dab, derived from TooLAME, licensed under LGPL v2.1 or later. See
   `libtoolame-dab/LGPL.txt`. This is built into a shared library.
 - EDI output (files in src/edi) are GPLv3+
 - The FDK-AAC encoder, patched for DAB+ support, licensed under the terms in
   `fdk-aac/NOTICE`, built into a shared library.

The odr-audioenc binary is statically linked against the libtoolame-dab and fdk-aac
libraries.

Whether it is legal or not to distribute compiled binaries from these sources
is unclear to me. Please seek legal advice to answer this question.