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authorMartin Braun <martin.braun@ettus.com>2014-03-23 15:11:26 +0100
committerMartin Braun <martin.braun@ettus.com>2014-04-09 17:25:09 +0200
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-===============================
-UHD - General Application Notes
-===============================
-
-.. contents:: Table of Contents
-
-------------
-Tuning Notes
-------------
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Two-stage tuning process
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-A USRP device has two stages of tuning:
-
-* RF front-end: translates bewteen RF and IF
-* DSP: translates between IF and baseband
-
-In a typical use-case, the user specifies an overall center frequency for the
-signal chain. The RF front-end will be tuned as close as possible to the center
-frequency, and the DSP will account for the error in tuning between target
-frequency and actual frequency. The user may also explicitly control both
-stages of tuning through through the **tune_request_t** object, which allows for
-more advanced tuning.
-
-In general, Using UHD software's advanced tuning is highly recommended as it makes it
-easy to move the DC component out of your band-of-interest. This can be done by
-passing your desired LO offset to the **tune_request_t** object, and letting the UHD
-software handle the rest.
-
-The **tune_request_t** object can also be used with certain daughterboards to use
-Integer-N tuning instead of the default fractional tuning, allowing for better spur
-performance. The daughterboards that support this functionality are:
-
-* WBX (all revisions)
-* WBX-120
-* SBX (all revisions)
-* SBX-120
-* CBX
-* CBX-120
-
-Tuning the receive chain:
-:::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- //tuning to a desired center frequency
- usrp->set_rx_freq(target_frequency_in_hz);
-
- --OR--
-
- //advanced tuning with tune_request_t
- uhd::tune_request_t tune_req(target_frequency_in_hz, desired_lo_offset);
- tune_req.args = uhd::device_addr_t("mode_n=integer"); //to use Int-N tuning
- //fill in any additional/optional tune request fields...
- usrp->set_rx_freq(tune_req);
-
-More information can be found in `tune_request.hpp <./../../doxygen/html/structuhd_1_1tune__request__t.html>`_.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-RF front-end settling time
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-After tuning, the RF front-end will need time to settle into a usable state.
-Typically, this means that the local oscillators must be given time to lock
-before streaming begins. Lock time is not consistent; it varies depending upon
-the device and requested settings. After tuning and before streaming, the user
-should wait for the **lo_locked** sensor to become true or sleep for
-a conservative amount of time (perhaps a second).
-
-Pseudo-code for dealing with settling time after tuning on receive:
-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
-::
-
- usrp->set_rx_freq(...);
- sleep(1);
- usrp->issue_stream_command(...);
-
- --OR--
-
- usrp->set_rx_freq(...);
- while (not usrp->get_rx_sensor("lo_locked").to_bool()){
- //sleep for a short time in milliseconds
- }
- usrp->issue_stream_command(...);
-
-
--------------------------------
-Specifying the Subdevice to Use
--------------------------------
-A subdevice specification string for USRP family devices is composed of:
-
-::
-
- <motherboard slot name>:<daughterboard frontend name>
-
-Ex: The subdev spec markup string to select a WBX on slot B.
-
-::
-
- B:0
-
-Ex: The subdev spec markup string to select a BasicRX on slot B.
-
-::
-
- B:AB
-
- -- OR --
-
- B:A
-
- -- OR --
-
- B:B
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-USRP Family Motherboard Slot Names
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-All USRP family motherboards have a first slot named **A:**. The USRP1 has
-two daughterboard subdevice slots, known as **A:** and **B:**.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Daughterboard Frontend Names
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-Daughterboard frontend names can be used to specify which signal path is used
-from a daughterboard. Most daughterboards have only one frontend **:0**. A few
-daughterboards (Basic, LF and TVRX2) have multiple frontend names available.
-The frontend names are documented in the
-`Daughterboard Application Notes <./dboards.html>`_
-
-------------------------
-Overflow/Underflow Notes
-------------------------
-**Note:** The following overflow/underflow notes do not apply to USRP1,
-which does not support the advanced features available in newer products.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Overflow notes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-When receiving, the device produces samples at a constant rate.
-Overflows occurs when the host does not consume data fast enough.
-When UHD software detects the overflow, it prints an "O" or "D" to stdout,
-and pushes an inline message packet into the receive stream.
-
-**Network-based devices**:
-The host does not back-pressure the receive stream.
-When the kernel's socket buffer becomes full, it will drop subsequent packets.
-UHD software detects the overflow as a discontinuity in the packet's sequence numbers,
-and pushes an inline message packet into the receive stream.
-In this case the character "D" is printed to stdout as an indication.
-
-**Other devices**:
-The host back-pressures the receive stream.
-Therefore, overflows always occur in the device itself.
-When the device's internal buffers become full, streaming is shut off,
-and an inline message packet is sent to the host.
-In this case the character "O" is printed to stdout as an indication.
-If the device was in continuous streaming mode,
-the UHD software will automatically restart streaming when the buffer has
-space again.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Underflow notes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-When transmitting, the device consumes samples at a constant rate.
-Underflow occurs when the host does not produce data fast enough.
-When UHD software detects the underflow, it prints a "U" to stdout,
-and pushes a message packet into the async message stream.
-
----------------
-Threading Notes
----------------
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Thread safety notes
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-For the most part, UHD software is thread-safe.
-Please observe the following limitations:
-
-**Fast-path thread requirements:**
-There are three fast-path methods for a device: **send()**, **recv()**, and **recv_async_msg()**.
-All three methods are thread-safe and can be called from different thread contexts.
-For performance, the user should call each method from a separate thread context.
-These methods can also be used in a non-blocking fashion by using a timeout of zero.
-
-**Slow-path thread requirements:**
-It is safe to change multiple settings simultaneously. However,
-this could leave the settings for a device in an uncertain state.
-This is because changing one setting could have an impact on how a call affects other settings.
-Example: setting the channel mapping affects how the antennas are set.
-It is recommended to use at most one thread context for manipulating device settings.
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Thread priority scheduling
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-
-When UHD software spawns a new thread it may try to boost the thread's scheduling priority.
-When setting the priority fails, the UHD software prints out an error.
-This error is harmless; it simply means that the thread will have a normal scheduling priority.
-
-**Linux Notes:**
-
-Non-privileged users need special permission to change the scheduling priority.
-Add the following line to **/etc/security/limits.conf**:
-::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
-
- @<my_group> - rtprio 99
-
-Replace **<my_group>** with a group to which your user belongs.
-Settings will not take effect until the user is in a different login session.
-
--------------------
-Miscellaneous Notes
--------------------
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Support for dynamically loadable modules
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-For a module to be loaded at runtime, it must be:
-
-* found in the **UHD_MODULE_PATH** environment variable,
-* installed into the **<install-path>/share/uhd/modules** directory,
-* or installed into **/usr/share/uhd/modules** directory (UNIX only).
-
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-Disabling or redirecting prints to stdout
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-The user can disable the UHD library from printing directly to stdout by registering a custom message handler.
-The handler will intercept all messages, which can be dropped or redirected.
-Only one handler can be registered at a time.
-Make **register_handler** your first call into the UHD library:
-
-::
-
- #include <uhd/utils/msg.hpp>
-
- void my_handler(uhd::msg::type_t type, const std::string &msg){
- //handle the message...
- }
-
- uhd::msg::register_handler(&my_handler);