Merge branch 'ranges'

19 files changed, 403 insertions, 134 deletions

diff --git a/host/include/uhd/types/CMakeLists.txt b/host/include/uhd/types/CMakeLists.txt
index a96976b5e..1d2c0c41c 100644
--- a/host/include/uhd/types/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/host/include/uhd/types/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ INSTALL(FILES
     mac_addr.hpp
     metadata.hpp
     otw_type.hpp
+    ranges.ipp
     ranges.hpp
     serial.hpp
     stream_cmd.hpp
diff --git a/host/include/uhd/types/dict.ipp b/host/include/uhd/types/dict.ipp
index ba05d5272..f037d7988 100644
--- a/host/include/uhd/types/dict.ipp
+++ b/host/include/uhd/types/dict.ipp
@@ -46,12 +46,11 @@ namespace uhd{
         /* NOP */
     }
 
-    template <typename Key, typename Val>
-    template <typename InputIterator>
-    dict<Key, Val>::dict(InputIterator first, InputIterator last){
-        for(InputIterator it = first; it != last; it++){
-            _map.push_back(*it);
-        }
+    template <typename Key, typename Val> template <typename InputIterator>
+    dict<Key, Val>::dict(InputIterator first, InputIterator last):
+        _map(first, last)
+    {
+        /* NOP */
     }
 
     template <typename Key, typename Val>
diff --git a/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.hpp b/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.hpp
index a2057d1c8..206c64726 100644
--- a/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.hpp
+++ b/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.hpp
@@ -19,28 +19,95 @@
 #define INCLUDED_UHD_TYPES_RANGES_HPP
 
 #include <uhd/config.hpp>
+#include <uhd/utils/pimpl.hpp>
+#include <vector>
 
 namespace uhd{
 
     /*!
-     * The gain range struct describes possible gain settings.
-     * The mimumum gain, maximum gain, and step size are in dB.
+     * A range object describes a set of discrete values of the form:
+     * y = start + step*n, where n is an integer between 0 and (stop - start)/step
      */
-    struct UHD_API gain_range_t{
-        float min, max, step;
-        gain_range_t(float min = 0.0, float max = 0.0, float step = 0.0);
+    template <typename T> class range_t{
+    public:
+        /*!
+         * Create a range from a single value.
+         * The step size will be taken as zero.
+         * \param value the only possible value in this range
+         */
+        range_t(const T &value = T(0));
+
+        /*!
+         * Create a range from a full set of values.
+         * A step size of zero implies infinite precision.
+         * \param start the minimum value for this range
+         * \param stop the maximum value for this range
+         * \param step the step size for this range
+         */
+        range_t(const T &start, const T &stop, const T &step = T(0));
+
+        //! Get the start value for this range.
+        const T start(void) const;
+
+        //! Get the stop value for this range.
+        const T stop(void) const;
+
+        //! Get the step value for this range.
+        const T step(void) const;
+
+    private: UHD_PIMPL_DECL(impl) _impl;
     };
 
     /*!
-     * The frequency range struct describes possible frequency settings.
-     * Because tuning is very granular (sub-Hz), step size is not listed.
-     * The mimumum frequency and maximum frequency are in Hz.
+     * A meta-range object holds a list of individual ranges.
      */
-    struct UHD_API freq_range_t{
-        double min, max;
-        freq_range_t(double min = 0.0, double max = 0.0);
+    template <typename T> struct meta_range_t : std::vector<range_t<T> >{
+
+        //! A default constructor for an empty meta-range
+        meta_range_t(void);
+
+        /*!
+         * Input iterator constructor:
+         * Makes boost::assign::list_of work.
+         * \param first the begin iterator
+         * \param last the end iterator
+         */
+        template <typename InputIterator>
+        meta_range_t(InputIterator first, InputIterator last);
+
+        /*!
+         * A convenience constructor for a single range.
+         * A step size of zero implies infinite precision.
+         * \param start the minimum value for this range
+         * \param stop the maximum value for this range
+         * \param step the step size for this range
+         */
+        meta_range_t(const T &start, const T &stop, const T &step = T(0));
+
+        //! Get the overall start value for this meta-range.
+        const T start(void) const;
+
+        //! Get the overall stop value for this meta-range.
+        const T stop(void) const;
+
+        //! Get the overall step value for this meta-range.
+        const T step(void) const;
+
+        /*!
+         * Clip the target value to a possible range value.
+         * \param value the value to clip to this range
+         * \param clip_step if true, clip to steps as well
+         * \return a value that is in one of the ranges
+         */
+         const T clip(const T &value, bool clip_step = false) const;
+
     };
 
+    typedef meta_range_t<float> gain_range_t;
+    typedef meta_range_t<double> freq_range_t;
+
 } //namespace uhd
 
+#include <uhd/types/ranges.ipp>
+
 #endif /* INCLUDED_UHD_TYPES_RANGES_HPP */
diff --git a/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.ipp b/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.ipp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8b602a24d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/host/include/uhd/types/ranges.ipp
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2010 Ettus Research LLC
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+
+#ifndef INCLUDED_UHD_TYPES_RANGES_IPP
+#define INCLUDED_UHD_TYPES_RANGES_IPP
+
+#include <boost/math/special_functions/round.hpp>
+#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <iostream>
+
+namespace uhd{
+
+    /*******************************************************************
+     * range_t implementation code
+     ******************************************************************/
+    template <typename T> struct range_t<T>::impl{
+        impl(const T &start, const T &stop, const T &step):
+            start(start), stop(stop), step(step)
+        {
+            /* NOP */
+        }
+        const T start, stop, step;
+    };
+
+    template <typename T> range_t<T>::range_t(const T &value):
+        _impl(UHD_PIMPL_MAKE(impl, (value, value, T(0))))
+    {
+        /* NOP */
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> range_t<T>::range_t(
+        const T &start, const T &stop, const T &step
+    ):
+        _impl(UHD_PIMPL_MAKE(impl, (start, stop, step)))
+    {
+        if (stop < start){
+            throw std::invalid_argument("cannot make range where stop < start");
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T range_t<T>::start(void) const{
+        return _impl->start;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T range_t<T>::stop(void) const{
+        return _impl->stop;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T range_t<T>::step(void) const{
+        return _impl->step;
+    }
+
+    /*******************************************************************
+     * meta_range_t implementation code
+     ******************************************************************/
+
+    namespace /*anon*/{
+        template <typename T> inline
+        void check_meta_range_monotonic(const meta_range_t<T> &mr){
+            if (mr.empty()){
+                throw std::runtime_error("meta-range cannot be empty");
+            }
+            for (size_t i = 1; i < mr.size(); i++){
+                if (mr.at(i).start() < mr.at(i-1).stop()){
+                    throw std::runtime_error("meta-range is not monotonic");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } //namespace /*anon*/
+
+
+    template <typename T> meta_range_t<T>::meta_range_t(void){
+        /* NOP */
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> template <typename InputIterator>
+    meta_range_t<T>::meta_range_t(
+        InputIterator first, InputIterator last
+    ):
+        std::vector<range_t<T> >(first, last)
+    {
+        /* NOP */
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> meta_range_t<T>::meta_range_t(
+        const T &start, const T &stop, const T &step
+    ):
+        std::vector<range_t<T> > (1, range_t<T>(start, stop, step))
+    {
+        /* NOP */
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T meta_range_t<T>::start(void) const{
+        check_meta_range_monotonic(*this);
+        T min_start = this->front().start();
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const range_t<T> &r, (*this)){
+            min_start = std::min(min_start, r.start());
+        }
+        return min_start;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T meta_range_t<T>::stop(void) const{
+        check_meta_range_monotonic(*this);
+        T max_stop = this->front().stop();
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const range_t<T> &r, (*this)){
+            max_stop = std::max(max_stop, r.stop());
+        }
+        return max_stop;
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T meta_range_t<T>::step(void) const{
+        check_meta_range_monotonic(*this);
+        std::vector<T> non_zero_steps;
+        range_t<T> last = this->front();
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const range_t<T> &r, (*this)){
+            //steps at each range
+            if (r.step() > T(0)) non_zero_steps.push_back(r.step());
+            //and steps in-between ranges
+            T ibtw_step = r.start() - last.stop();
+            if (ibtw_step > T(0)) non_zero_steps.push_back(ibtw_step);
+            //store ref to last
+            last = r;
+        }
+        if (non_zero_steps.empty()) return T(0); //all zero steps, its zero...
+        return *std::min_element(non_zero_steps.begin(), non_zero_steps.end());
+    }
+
+    template <typename T> const T meta_range_t<T>::clip(
+        const T &value, bool clip_step
+    ) const{
+        check_meta_range_monotonic(*this);
+        T last_stop = this->front().stop();
+        BOOST_FOREACH(const range_t<T> &r, (*this)){
+            //in-between ranges, clip to nearest
+            if (value < r.start()){
+                return (std::abs(value - r.start()) < std::abs(value - last_stop))?
+                    r.start() : last_stop;
+            }
+            //in this range, clip here
+            if (value <= r.stop()){
+                if (not clip_step or r.step() == T(0)) return value;
+                return boost::math::round((value - r.start())/r.step())*r.step() + r.start();
+            }
+            //continue on to the next range
+            last_stop = r.stop();
+        }
+        return last_stop;
+    }
+
+} //namespace uhd
+
+#endif /* INCLUDED_UHD_TYPES_RANGES_IPP */
diff --git a/host/include/uhd/usrp/mimo_usrp.hpp b/host/include/uhd/usrp/mimo_usrp.hpp
index a2092f04f..977559b0b 100644
--- a/host/include/uhd/usrp/mimo_usrp.hpp
+++ b/host/include/uhd/usrp/mimo_usrp.hpp
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ namespace uhd{ namespace usrp{ namespace /*anon*/{
 
 static inline freq_range_t add_dsp_shift(const freq_range_t &range, wax::obj dsp){
     double codec_rate = dsp[DSP_PROP_CODEC_RATE].as<double>();
-    return freq_range_t(range.min - codec_rate/2.0, range.max + codec_rate/2.0);
+    return freq_range_t(range.start() - codec_rate/2.0, range.stop() + codec_rate/2.0);
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************
diff --git a/host/lib/types.cpp b/host/lib/types.cpp
index e5e6a2512..8ccb664d5 100644
--- a/host/lib/types.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/types.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 //
 
 #include <uhd/utils/assert.hpp>
-#include <uhd/types/ranges.hpp>
 #include <uhd/types/tune_request.hpp>
 #include <uhd/types/tune_result.hpp>
 #include <uhd/types/clock_config.hpp>
@@ -41,24 +40,6 @@
 using namespace uhd;
 
 /***********************************************************************
- * ranges
- **********************************************************************/
-gain_range_t::gain_range_t(float min, float max, float step):
-    min(min),
-    max(max),
-    step(step)
-{
-    /* NOP */
-}
-
-freq_range_t::freq_range_t(double min, double max):
-    min(min),
-    max(max)
-{
-    /* NOP */
-}
-
-/***********************************************************************
  * tune request
  **********************************************************************/
 tune_request_t::tune_request_t(double target_freq):
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx.cpp
index aa3eeb6b5..7edc1822c 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx.cpp
@@ -212,10 +212,10 @@ dbsrx::dbsrx(ctor_args_t args) : rx_dboard_base(args){
 
     //set defaults for LO, gains, and filter bandwidth
     _bandwidth = 33e6;
-    set_lo_freq(dbsrx_freq_range.min);
+    set_lo_freq(dbsrx_freq_range.start());
 
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, dbsrx_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_gain(dbsrx_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_gain(dbsrx_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
 
     set_bandwidth(33e6); // default bandwidth from datasheet
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ dbsrx::~dbsrx(void){
  * Tuning
  **********************************************************************/
 void dbsrx::set_lo_freq(double target_freq){
-    target_freq = std::clip(target_freq, dbsrx_freq_range.min, dbsrx_freq_range.max);
+    target_freq = dbsrx_freq_range.clip(target_freq);
 
     double actual_freq=0.0, pfd_freq=0.0, ref_clock=0.0;
     int R=0, N=0, r=0, m=0;
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ void dbsrx::set_lo_freq(double target_freq){
             pfd_freq = ref_clock / R;
 
             //constrain the PFD frequency to specified range
-            if ((pfd_freq < dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.min) or (pfd_freq > dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.max)) continue;
+            if ((pfd_freq < dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.start()) or (pfd_freq > dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.stop())) continue;
 
             //compute N
             N = int(std::floor(target_freq/pfd_freq));
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ void dbsrx::set_lo_freq(double target_freq){
     //Assert because we failed to find a suitable combination of ref_clock, R and N 
     UHD_ASSERT_THROW(ref_clock <= 27.0e6 and ref_clock >= 0.0);
     UHD_ASSERT_THROW(ref_clock/m >= 1e6 and ref_clock/m <= 2.5e6);
-    UHD_ASSERT_THROW((pfd_freq >= dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.min) and (pfd_freq <= dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.max));
+    UHD_ASSERT_THROW((pfd_freq >= dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.start()) and (pfd_freq <= dbsrx_pfd_freq_range.stop()));
     UHD_ASSERT_THROW((N >= 256) and (N <= 32768));
 
     if(dbsrx_debug) std::cerr << boost::format(
@@ -420,7 +420,7 @@ void dbsrx::set_lo_freq(double target_freq){
  */
 static int gain_to_gc2_vga_reg(float &gain){
     int reg = 0;
-    gain = std::clip<float>(float(boost::math::iround(gain)), dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC2"].min, dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC2"].max);
+    gain = dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC2"].clip(gain);
 
     // Half dB steps from 0-5dB, 1dB steps from 5-24dB
     if (gain < 5) {
@@ -446,11 +446,11 @@ static int gain_to_gc2_vga_reg(float &gain){
  */
 static float gain_to_gc1_rfvga_dac(float &gain){
     //clip the input
-    gain = std::clip<float>(gain, dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC1"].min, dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC1"].max);
+    gain = dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC1"].clip(gain);
 
     //voltage level constants
     static const float max_volts = float(1.2), min_volts = float(2.7);
-    static const float slope = (max_volts-min_volts)/dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC1"].max;
+    static const float slope = (max_volts-min_volts)/dbsrx_gain_ranges["GC1"].stop();
 
     //calculate the voltage for the aux dac
     float dac_volts = gain*slope + min_volts;
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx2.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx2.cpp
index 5a65e6123..bf5528688 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx2.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_dbsrx2.cpp
@@ -195,15 +195,15 @@ dbsrx2::dbsrx2(ctor_args_t args) : rx_dboard_base(args){
     //for (boost::uint8_t addr=0; addr<=12; addr++) this->send_reg(addr, addr);
 
     //set defaults for LO, gains
-    set_lo_freq(dbsrx2_freq_range.min);
+    set_lo_freq(dbsrx2_freq_range.start());
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, dbsrx2_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_gain(dbsrx2_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_gain(dbsrx2_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
 
     set_bandwidth(40e6); // default bandwidth from datasheet
     get_locked();
 
-    _max2112_write_regs.bbg = boost::math::iround(std::clip<float>(0, dbsrx2_gain_ranges["BBG"].min, dbsrx2_gain_ranges["BBG"].max));
+    _max2112_write_regs.bbg = dbsrx2_gain_ranges["BBG"].start();
     send_reg(0x9, 0x9);
 }
 
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ void dbsrx2::set_lo_freq(double target_freq){
  * \return 4 bit the register value
  */
 static int gain_to_bbg_vga_reg(float &gain){
-    int reg = boost::math::iround(std::clip<float>(gain, dbsrx2_gain_ranges["BBG"].min, dbsrx2_gain_ranges["BBG"].max));
+    int reg = boost::math::iround(dbsrx2_gain_ranges["BBG"].clip(gain));
 
     gain = float(reg);
 
@@ -290,11 +290,11 @@ static int gain_to_bbg_vga_reg(float &gain){
  */
 static float gain_to_gc1_rfvga_dac(float &gain){
     //clip the input
-    gain = std::clip<float>(gain, dbsrx2_gain_ranges["GC1"].min, dbsrx2_gain_ranges["GC1"].max);
+    gain = dbsrx2_gain_ranges["GC1"].clip(gain);
 
     //voltage level constants
     static const float max_volts = float(0.5), min_volts = float(2.7);
-    static const float slope = (max_volts-min_volts)/dbsrx2_gain_ranges["GC1"].max;
+    static const float slope = (max_volts-min_volts)/dbsrx2_gain_ranges["GC1"].stop();
 
     //calculate the voltage for the aux dac
     float dac_volts = gain*slope + min_volts;
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_rfx.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_rfx.cpp
index 152198c3a..4e73fb3a3 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_rfx.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_rfx.cpp
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ public:
     void tx_set(const wax::obj &key, const wax::obj &val);
 
 private:
-    freq_range_t _freq_range;
-    uhd::dict<std::string, gain_range_t> _rx_gain_ranges;
-    uhd::dict<dboard_iface::unit_t, bool> _div2;
+    const freq_range_t _freq_range;
+    const uhd::dict<std::string, gain_range_t> _rx_gain_ranges;
+    const uhd::dict<dboard_iface::unit_t, bool> _div2;
     double       _rx_lo_freq, _tx_lo_freq;
     std::string  _rx_ant;
     uhd::dict<std::string, float> _rx_gains;
@@ -168,19 +168,17 @@ rfx_xcvr::rfx_xcvr(
     ctor_args_t args,
     const freq_range_t &freq_range,
     bool rx_div2, bool tx_div2
-) : xcvr_dboard_base(args){
-    _freq_range = freq_range;
-    _div2[dboard_iface::UNIT_RX] = rx_div2;
-    _div2[dboard_iface::UNIT_TX] = tx_div2;
-
-    if(this->get_rx_id() == 0x0024) { //RFX400
-        _rx_gain_ranges = rfx400_rx_gain_ranges;
-    }
-    else {
-        _rx_gain_ranges = rfx_rx_gain_ranges;
-    }
-
-
+):
+    xcvr_dboard_base(args),
+    _freq_range(freq_range),
+    _rx_gain_ranges((this->get_rx_id() == 0x0024)?
+        rfx400_rx_gain_ranges : rfx_rx_gain_ranges
+    ),
+    _div2(map_list_of
+        (dboard_iface::UNIT_RX, rx_div2)
+        (dboard_iface::UNIT_TX, tx_div2)
+    )
+{
     //enable the clocks that we need
     this->get_iface()->set_clock_enabled(dboard_iface::UNIT_TX, true);
     this->get_iface()->set_clock_enabled(dboard_iface::UNIT_RX, true);
@@ -204,12 +202,12 @@ rfx_xcvr::rfx_xcvr(
     this->get_iface()->set_atr_reg(dboard_iface::UNIT_RX, dboard_iface::ATR_REG_FULL_DUPLEX, POWER_UP | ANT_RX2| MIXER_ENB);
 
     //set some default values
-    set_rx_lo_freq((_freq_range.min + _freq_range.max)/2.0);
-    set_tx_lo_freq((_freq_range.min + _freq_range.max)/2.0);
+    set_rx_lo_freq((_freq_range.start() + _freq_range.stop())/2.0);
+    set_tx_lo_freq((_freq_range.start() + _freq_range.stop())/2.0);
     set_rx_ant("RX2");
 
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, _rx_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_rx_gain(_rx_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_rx_gain(_rx_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +263,7 @@ void rfx_xcvr::set_rx_gain(float gain, const std::string &name){
     assert_has(_rx_gain_ranges.keys(), name, "rfx rx gain name");
     if(name == "PGA0"){
         float dac_volts = rx_pga0_gain_to_dac_volts(gain, 
-                              (_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].max - _rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].min));
+                              (_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].stop() - _rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].start()));
         _rx_gains[name] = gain;
 
         //write the new voltage to the aux dac
@@ -294,7 +292,7 @@ double rfx_xcvr::set_lo_freq(
     ) % (target_freq/1e6) << std::endl;
 
     //clip the input
-    target_freq = std::clip(target_freq, _freq_range.min, _freq_range.max);
+    target_freq = _freq_range.clip(target_freq);
     if (_div2[unit]) target_freq *= 2;
 
     //map prescalers to the register enums
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_tvrx.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_tvrx.cpp
index 2873e3d54..17fdad74a 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_tvrx.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_tvrx.cpp
@@ -200,12 +200,12 @@ tvrx::tvrx(ctor_args_t args) : rx_dboard_base(args){
     //send initial register settings if necessary
 
     //set default freq
-    _lo_freq = tvrx_freq_range.min + tvrx_if_freq; //init _lo_freq to a sane default
-    set_freq(tvrx_freq_range.min);
+    _lo_freq = tvrx_freq_range.start() + tvrx_if_freq; //init _lo_freq to a sane default
+    set_freq(tvrx_freq_range.start());
 
     //set default gains
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, get_tvrx_gain_ranges().keys()){
-        set_gain(get_tvrx_gain_ranges()[name].min, name);
+        set_gain(get_tvrx_gain_ranges()[name].start(), name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ tvrx::~tvrx(void){
 
 static std::string get_band(double freq) {
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &band, tvrx_freq_ranges.keys()) {
-        if(freq >= tvrx_freq_ranges[band].min && freq <= tvrx_freq_ranges[band].max){
+        if(freq >= tvrx_freq_ranges[band].start() && freq <= tvrx_freq_ranges[band].stop()){
             if(tvrx_debug) std::cout << "Band: " << band << std::endl;
             return band;
         }
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ static double gain_interp(double gain, boost::array<double, 17> db_vector, boost
 
 static float rf_gain_to_voltage(float gain, double lo_freq){
     //clip the input
-    gain = std::clip<float>(gain, get_tvrx_gain_ranges()["RF"].min, get_tvrx_gain_ranges()["RF"].max);
+    gain = get_tvrx_gain_ranges()["RF"].clip(gain);
 
     //first we need to find out what band we're in, because gains are different across different bands
     std::string band = get_band(lo_freq + tvrx_if_freq);
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ static float rf_gain_to_voltage(float gain, double lo_freq){
 
 static float if_gain_to_voltage(float gain){
     //clip the input
-    gain = std::clip<float>(gain, get_tvrx_gain_ranges()["IF"].min, get_tvrx_gain_ranges()["IF"].max);
+    gain = get_tvrx_gain_ranges()["IF"].clip(gain);
 
     double gain_volts = gain_interp(gain, tvrx_if_gains_db, tvrx_gains_volts);
     double dac_volts = gain_volts / opamp_gain;
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ void tvrx::set_gain(float gain, const std::string &name){
  */
 
 void tvrx::set_freq(double freq) {
-    freq = std::clip<double>(freq, tvrx_freq_range.min, tvrx_freq_range.max);
+    freq = tvrx_freq_range.clip(freq);
     std::string prev_band = get_band(_lo_freq - tvrx_if_freq);
     std::string new_band = get_band(freq);
 
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_wbx.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_wbx.cpp
index 572f5de97..dd5bd600b 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_wbx.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_wbx.cpp
@@ -177,15 +177,15 @@ wbx_xcvr::wbx_xcvr(ctor_args_t args) : xcvr_dboard_base(args){
     ) % RXIO_MASK % TXIO_MASK << std::endl;
 
     //set some default values
-    set_rx_lo_freq((wbx_freq_range.min + wbx_freq_range.max)/2.0);
-    set_tx_lo_freq((wbx_freq_range.min + wbx_freq_range.max)/2.0);
+    set_rx_lo_freq((wbx_freq_range.start() + wbx_freq_range.stop())/2.0);
+    set_tx_lo_freq((wbx_freq_range.start() + wbx_freq_range.stop())/2.0);
     set_rx_ant("RX2");
 
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, wbx_tx_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_tx_gain(wbx_tx_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_tx_gain(wbx_tx_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, wbx_rx_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_rx_gain(wbx_rx_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_rx_gain(wbx_rx_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -198,33 +198,32 @@ wbx_xcvr::~wbx_xcvr(void){
  **********************************************************************/
 static int rx_pga0_gain_to_iobits(float &gain){
     //clip the input
-    gain = std::clip<float>(gain, wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].min, wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].max);
+    gain = wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].clip(gain);
 
     //convert to attenuation and update iobits for atr
-    float attn = wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].max - gain;
+    float attn = wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].stop() - gain;
 
     //calculate the attenuation
-    int attn_code = int(floor(attn*2));
+    int attn_code = boost::math::iround(attn*2);
     int iobits = ((~attn_code) << RX_ATTN_SHIFT) & RX_ATTN_MASK;
 
-    
     if (wbx_debug) std::cerr << boost::format(
         "WBX Attenuation: %f dB, Code: %d, IO Bits %x, Mask: %x"
     ) % attn % attn_code % (iobits & RX_ATTN_MASK) % RX_ATTN_MASK << std::endl;
 
     //the actual gain setting
-    gain = wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].max - float(attn_code)/2;
+    gain = wbx_rx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].stop() - float(attn_code)/2;
 
     return iobits;
 }
 
 static float tx_pga0_gain_to_dac_volts(float &gain){
     //clip the input
-    gain = std::clip<float>(gain, wbx_tx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].min, wbx_tx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].max);
+    gain = wbx_tx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].clip(gain);
 
     //voltage level constants
     static const float max_volts = float(0.5), min_volts = float(1.4);
-    static const float slope = (max_volts-min_volts)/wbx_tx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].max;
+    static const float slope = (max_volts-min_volts)/wbx_tx_gain_ranges["PGA0"].stop();
 
     //calculate the voltage for the aux dac
     float dac_volts = gain*slope + min_volts;
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ double wbx_xcvr::set_lo_freq(
     ) % (target_freq/1e6) << std::endl;
 
     //clip the input
-    target_freq = std::clip(target_freq, wbx_freq_range.min, wbx_freq_range.max);
+    target_freq = wbx_freq_range.clip(target_freq);
 
     //map prescaler setting to mininmum integer divider (N) values (pg.18 prescaler)
     static const uhd::dict<int, int> prescaler_to_min_int_div = map_list_of
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_xcvr2450.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_xcvr2450.cpp
index be0e42b92..a3a1e6242 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_xcvr2450.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/dboard/db_xcvr2450.cpp
@@ -72,8 +72,10 @@ using namespace boost::assign;
  **********************************************************************/
 static const bool xcvr2450_debug = false;
 
-static const freq_range_t xcvr_freq_range(2.4e9, 6.0e9);
-static const freq_range_t xcvr_freq_band_seperation(2.5e9, 4.9e9);
+static const freq_range_t xcvr_freq_range = list_of
+    (range_t<double>(2.4e9, 2.5e9))
+    (range_t<double>(4.9e9, 6.0e9))
+;
 
 static const prop_names_t xcvr_antennas = list_of("J1")("J2");
 
@@ -82,7 +84,11 @@ static const uhd::dict<std::string, gain_range_t> xcvr_tx_gain_ranges = map_list
     ("BB", gain_range_t(0, 5, 1.5))
 ;
 static const uhd::dict<std::string, gain_range_t> xcvr_rx_gain_ranges = map_list_of
-    ("LNA", gain_range_t(0, 30.5, 15))
+    ("LNA", gain_range_t(list_of
+        (range_t<float>(0))
+        (range_t<float>(15))
+        (range_t<float>(30.5))
+    ))
     ("VGA", gain_range_t(0, 62, 2.0))
 ;
 
@@ -212,10 +218,10 @@ xcvr2450::xcvr2450(ctor_args_t args) : xcvr_dboard_base(args){
     set_rx_ant(xcvr_antennas.at(0));
     set_tx_ant(xcvr_antennas.at(1));
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, xcvr_tx_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_tx_gain(xcvr_tx_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_tx_gain(xcvr_tx_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &name, xcvr_rx_gain_ranges.keys()){
-        set_rx_gain(xcvr_rx_gain_ranges[name].min, name);
+        set_rx_gain(xcvr_rx_gain_ranges[name].start(), name);
     }
 }
 
@@ -259,17 +265,9 @@ void xcvr2450::update_atr(void){
  * Tuning
  **********************************************************************/
 void xcvr2450::set_lo_freq(double target_freq){
-    //clip for highband and lowband
-    if((target_freq > xcvr_freq_band_seperation.min) and (target_freq < xcvr_freq_band_seperation.max)){
-        if(target_freq - xcvr_freq_band_seperation.min < xcvr_freq_band_seperation.max - target_freq){
-            target_freq = xcvr_freq_band_seperation.min;
-        }else{
-            target_freq = xcvr_freq_band_seperation.max;
-        }
-    }
 
-    //clip for max and min
-    target_freq = std::clip(target_freq, xcvr_freq_range.min, xcvr_freq_range.max);
+    //clip the input to the range
+    target_freq = xcvr_freq_range.clip(target_freq);
 
     //variables used in the calculation below
     double scaler = xcvr2450::is_highband(target_freq)? (4.0/5.0) : (4.0/3.0);
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/usrp1/codec_ctrl.cpp b/host/lib/usrp/usrp1/codec_ctrl.cpp
index 4aa730573..18f794632 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/usrp1/codec_ctrl.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/usrp1/codec_ctrl.cpp
@@ -160,19 +160,19 @@ usrp1_codec_ctrl_impl::~usrp1_codec_ctrl_impl(void)
 static const int mtpgw = 255; //maximum tx pga gain word
 
 void usrp1_codec_ctrl_impl::set_tx_pga_gain(float gain){
-    int gain_word = int(mtpgw*(gain - tx_pga_gain_range.min)/(tx_pga_gain_range.max - tx_pga_gain_range.min));
+    int gain_word = int(mtpgw*(gain - tx_pga_gain_range.start())/(tx_pga_gain_range.stop() - tx_pga_gain_range.start()));
     _ad9862_regs.tx_pga_gain = std::clip(gain_word, 0, mtpgw);
     this->send_reg(16);
 }
 
 float usrp1_codec_ctrl_impl::get_tx_pga_gain(void){
-    return (_ad9862_regs.tx_pga_gain*(tx_pga_gain_range.max - tx_pga_gain_range.min)/mtpgw) + tx_pga_gain_range.min;
+    return (_ad9862_regs.tx_pga_gain*(tx_pga_gain_range.stop() - tx_pga_gain_range.start())/mtpgw) + tx_pga_gain_range.start();
 }
 
 static const int mrpgw = 0x14; //maximum rx pga gain word
 
 void usrp1_codec_ctrl_impl::set_rx_pga_gain(float gain, char which){
-    int gain_word = int(mrpgw*(gain - rx_pga_gain_range.min)/(rx_pga_gain_range.max - rx_pga_gain_range.min));
+    int gain_word = int(mrpgw*(gain - rx_pga_gain_range.start())/(rx_pga_gain_range.stop() - rx_pga_gain_range.start()));
     gain_word = std::clip(gain_word, 0, mrpgw);
     switch(which){
     case 'A':
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ float usrp1_codec_ctrl_impl::get_rx_pga_gain(char which){
     case 'B': gain_word = _ad9862_regs.rx_pga_b; break;
     default: UHD_THROW_INVALID_CODE_PATH();
     }
-    return (gain_word*(rx_pga_gain_range.max - rx_pga_gain_range.min)/mrpgw) + rx_pga_gain_range.min;
+    return (gain_word*(rx_pga_gain_range.stop() - rx_pga_gain_range.start())/mrpgw) + rx_pga_gain_range.start();
 }
 
 /***********************************************************************
diff --git a/host/lib/usrp/wrapper_utils.hpp b/host/lib/usrp/wrapper_utils.hpp
index 6f9fdbfca..a7b5c5da6 100644
--- a/host/lib/usrp/wrapper_utils.hpp
+++ b/host/lib/usrp/wrapper_utils.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ static inline uhd::freq_range_t add_dsp_shift(
     wax::obj dsp
 ){
     double codec_rate = dsp[uhd::usrp::DSP_PROP_CODEC_RATE].as<double>();
-    return uhd::freq_range_t(range.min - codec_rate/2.0, range.max + codec_rate/2.0);
+    return uhd::freq_range_t(range.start() - codec_rate/2.0, range.stop() + codec_rate/2.0);
 }
 
 static inline void do_samp_rate_warning_message(
diff --git a/host/lib/utils/gain_group.cpp b/host/lib/utils/gain_group.cpp
index 54146726a..11bbb8c0a 100644
--- a/host/lib/utils/gain_group.cpp
+++ b/host/lib/utils/gain_group.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ static const bool verbose = false;
 static bool compare_by_step_size(
     const size_t &rhs, const size_t &lhs, std::vector<gain_fcns_t> &fcns
 ){
-    return fcns.at(rhs).get_range().step > fcns.at(lhs).get_range().step;
+    return fcns.at(rhs).get_range().step() > fcns.at(lhs).get_range().step();
 }
 
 /*!
@@ -69,11 +69,11 @@ public:
         float overall_min = 0, overall_max = 0, overall_step = 0;
         BOOST_FOREACH(const gain_fcns_t &fcns, get_all_fcns()){
             const gain_range_t range = fcns.get_range();
-            overall_min += range.min;
-            overall_max += range.max;
+            overall_min += range.start();
+            overall_max += range.stop();
             //the overall step is the min (zero is invalid, first run)
-            if (overall_step == 0) overall_step = range.step;
-            overall_step = std::min(overall_step, range.step);
+            if (overall_step == 0) overall_step = range.step();
+            overall_step = std::min(overall_step, range.step());
         }
         return gain_range_t(overall_min, overall_max, overall_step);
     }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ public:
         //get the max step size among the gains
         float max_step = 0;
         BOOST_FOREACH(const gain_fcns_t &fcns, all_fcns){
-            max_step = std::max(max_step, fcns.get_range().step);
+            max_step = std::max(max_step, fcns.get_range().step());
         }
 
         //create gain bucket to distribute power
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public:
         BOOST_FOREACH(const gain_fcns_t &fcns, all_fcns){
             const gain_range_t range = fcns.get_range();
             gain_bucket.push_back(floor_step(std::clip(
-                gain_left_to_distribute, range.min, range.max
+                gain_left_to_distribute, range.start(), range.stop()
             ), max_step));
             gain_left_to_distribute -= gain_bucket.back();
         }
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ public:
             boost::bind(&compare_by_step_size, _1, _2, all_fcns)
         );
         UHD_ASSERT_THROW(
-            all_fcns.at(indexes_step_size_dec.front()).get_range().step >=
-            all_fcns.at(indexes_step_size_dec.back()).get_range().step
+            all_fcns.at(indexes_step_size_dec.front()).get_range().step() >=
+            all_fcns.at(indexes_step_size_dec.back()).get_range().step()
         );
 
         //distribute the remainder (less than max step)
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ public:
         BOOST_FOREACH(size_t i, indexes_step_size_dec){
             const gain_range_t range = all_fcns.at(i).get_range();
             float additional_gain = floor_step(std::clip(
-                gain_bucket.at(i) + gain_left_to_distribute, range.min, range.max
-            ), range.step) - gain_bucket.at(i);
+                gain_bucket.at(i) + gain_left_to_distribute, range.start(), range.stop()
+            ), range.step()) - gain_bucket.at(i);
             gain_bucket.at(i) += additional_gain;
             gain_left_to_distribute -= additional_gain;
         }
diff --git a/host/test/CMakeLists.txt b/host/test/CMakeLists.txt
index d67399e5b..5d7433c67 100644
--- a/host/test/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/host/test/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ SET(test_sources
     dict_test.cpp
     error_test.cpp
     gain_group_test.cpp
+    ranges_test.cpp
     subdev_spec_test.cpp
     time_spec_test.cpp
     tune_helper_test.cpp
diff --git a/host/test/gain_group_test.cpp b/host/test/gain_group_test.cpp
index 555ccaed3..dbb585987 100644
--- a/host/test/gain_group_test.cpp
+++ b/host/test/gain_group_test.cpp
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void set_value(float gain){
-        float step = get_range().step;
+        float step = get_range().step();
         _gain = step*rint(gain/step);
     }
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void set_value(float gain){
-        float step = get_range().step;
+        float step = get_range().step();
         _gain = step*rint(gain/step);
     }
 
@@ -102,9 +102,9 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_gain_group_overall){
     //test the overall stuff
     gg->set_value(80);
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_value(), float(80), tolerance);
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().min, float(-20), tolerance);
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().max, float(100), tolerance);
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().step, float(0.1), tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().start(), float(-20), tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().stop(), float(100), tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().step(), float(0.1), tolerance);
 }
 
 BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_gain_group_priority){
@@ -113,10 +113,10 @@ BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_gain_group_priority){
     //test the overall stuff
     gg->set_value(80);
     BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_value(), float(80), tolerance);
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().min, float(-20), tolerance);
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().max, float(100), tolerance);
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().step, float(0.1), tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().start(), float(-20), tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().stop(), float(100), tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(gg->get_range().step(), float(0.1), tolerance);
 
     //test the the higher priority gain got filled first (gain 2)
-    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(g2.get_value(), g2.get_range().max, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(g2.get_value(), g2.get_range().stop(), tolerance);
 }
diff --git a/host/test/ranges_test.cpp b/host/test/ranges_test.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad61867e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/host/test/ranges_test.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//
+// Copyright 2010 Ettus Research LLC
+//
+// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+//
+
+#include <boost/test/unit_test.hpp>
+#include <uhd/types/ranges.hpp>
+#include <iostream>
+
+using namespace uhd;
+
+static const double tolerance = 0.001;
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ranges_bounds){
+    meta_range_t<double> mr;
+    mr.push_back(range_t<double>(-1.0, +1.0, 0.1));
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.start(), -1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.stop(), +1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.step(), 0.1, tolerance);
+
+    mr.push_back(range_t<double>(40.0, 60.0, 1.0));
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.start(), -1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.stop(), 60.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.step(), 0.1, tolerance);
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(mr.size(), 2);
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr[0].start(), -1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr[0].stop(), +1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr[0].step(), 0.1, tolerance);
+}
+
+BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(test_ranges_clip){
+    meta_range_t<double> mr;
+    mr.push_back(range_t<double>(-1.0, +1.0, 0.1));
+    mr.push_back(range_t<double>(40.0, 60.0, 1.0));
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.clip(-30.0), -1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.clip(70.0), 60.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.clip(20.0), 1.0, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.clip(50.0), 50.0, tolerance);
+
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.clip(50.9, false), 50.9, tolerance);
+    BOOST_CHECK_CLOSE(mr.clip(50.9, true), 51.0, tolerance);
+}
diff --git a/host/utils/uhd_usrp_probe.cpp b/host/utils/uhd_usrp_probe.cpp
index 8cea52fa6..5cba7c362 100644
--- a/host/utils/uhd_usrp_probe.cpp
+++ b/host/utils/uhd_usrp_probe.cpp
@@ -81,13 +81,13 @@ static std::string get_subdev_pp_string(const std::string &type, wax::obj subdev
     ss << boost::format("Antennas: %s") % prop_names_to_pp_string(ant_names) << std::endl;
 
     freq_range_t freq_range(subdev[usrp::SUBDEV_PROP_FREQ_RANGE].as<freq_range_t>());
-    ss << boost::format("Freq range: %.3f to %.3f Mhz") % (freq_range.min/1e6) % (freq_range.max/1e6) << std::endl;
+    ss << boost::format("Freq range: %.3f to %.3f Mhz") % (freq_range.start()/1e6) % (freq_range.stop()/1e6) << std::endl;
 
     prop_names_t gain_names(subdev[usrp::SUBDEV_PROP_GAIN_NAMES].as<prop_names_t>());
     if (gain_names.size() == 0) ss << "Gain Elements: None" << std::endl;
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &gain_name, gain_names){
         gain_range_t gain_range(subdev[named_prop_t(usrp::SUBDEV_PROP_GAIN_RANGE, gain_name)].as<gain_range_t>());
-        ss << boost::format("Gain range %s: %.1f to %.1f step %.1f dB") % gain_name % gain_range.min % gain_range.max % gain_range.step << std::endl;
+        ss << boost::format("Gain range %s: %.1f to %.1f step %.1f dB") % gain_name % gain_range.start() % gain_range.stop() % gain_range.step() << std::endl;
     }
 
     ss << boost::format("Connection Type: %c") % char(subdev[usrp::SUBDEV_PROP_CONNECTION].as<usrp::subdev_conn_t>()) << std::endl;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ static std::string get_codec_pp_string(const std::string &type, wax::obj codec){
     if (gain_names.size() == 0) ss << "Gain Elements: None" << std::endl;
     BOOST_FOREACH(const std::string &gain_name, gain_names){
         gain_range_t gain_range(codec[named_prop_t(usrp::CODEC_PROP_GAIN_RANGE, gain_name)].as<gain_range_t>());
-        ss << boost::format("Gain range %s: %.1f to %.1f step %.1f dB") % gain_name % gain_range.min % gain_range.max % gain_range.step << std::endl;
+        ss << boost::format("Gain range %s: %.1f to %.1f step %.1f dB") % gain_name % gain_range.start() % gain_range.stop() % gain_range.step() << std::endl;
     }
     return ss.str();
 }